PLC系统故障特性与诊断的浅析

PLC系统在运行过程中由于各种原因不可避免地要出现各种各样的故障。深入理解故障的特点和原因,迅速及时地处理故障,是保证系统正常运行的必要条件,也是确保系统运行性能的关键。文章就PLC系统的故障特性、故障分析和故障诊断三个方面进行了分析与总结。     

The transformation characteristics of ferrite in a cast of duplex stainless steel and its applications in temperature measurement

The transformation characteristics of ferrite transformation in a cast of specially designed duplex stainless steel have been studied. The ferrite content in the duplex stainless steel was found to settle to steady values after long-term exposure to high temperatures. This feature can be used for developing an average temperature indicator that is very easy to use and requires only very simple equipment.     

Characterization of Calcium Alginate Beads Containing Structurally Similar Drugs

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of alginate beads prepared by ionotropic gelation in which structurally similar drugs were incorporated. For this purpose theophylline and theobromine were selected as model drugs. The influence of incorporated drugs on bead characteristics such as size, shape, and morphology, as well as encapsulation efficiency, was examined. It was found that theobromine as well as theophylline content in beads significantly decreased with increasing hardening time due to drug diffusion into the hardening media. In theobromine beads the drug content was extremely improved by dropping the alginate and drug solution into an acidic calcium chloride solution, while theophylline content was to some extent improved by the hardening of beads in a calcium chloride solution saturated with the drug. The most evident difference between theophylline and theobromine beads was in their shape and morphology. Theobromine beads were round, while theophylline ones had an irregular shape with an extremely wrinkled surface. The distinction in shape was highly dependent on drug content. Additionally, it was demonstrated that beads' shape was dependent on preparation conditions as well. On the basis of x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs it was found that the most of the drug in bead was present in an amorphous state. Therefore, it is suggested that some drug–alginate interactions could be present in beads and might be responsible for the different shape of theophylline and theobromine beads.

Thus it can be concluded that the preparation of beads by ionotropic gelation cannot be generalized even though structurally similar drugs are incorporated.     

Electromagnetic field of a horizontal electric dipole buried in a medium covering one-dimensionally anisotropic medium

The electromagnetic fields of a horizontal electric dipole buried in a medium covering one-dimensionally anisotropic medium are studied. There are three media, one-dimensionally anisotropic medium covered with a dielectric under the air. The electromagnetic field components are complex because of the multiple reflections from the up and down boundaries. The electromagnetic field components between air and one-dimensionally anisotropic medium are given, the trapped surface waves and lateral waves along the dielectric-anisotropic medium boundary are computed. The results have some practical applications in the communication in sea or lake above one-dimensionally anisotropic earth or sediments.     

中外合资企业管理特点分析及启示——以福建联合石化公司管理实践为例

以福建联合石化公司管理实践为例，从诚信、以人为本、高效务实、授权指引、内部监控、文化融合等几个方面对中外合资企业管理特点进行分析，探讨其对提升石化企业管理水平的启示。     

Determination of Structural Characteristics of Stitched and Knitted Fabric

Abstract

The mechanical properties of stitched-bonded fabrics are investigated in the paper. The main structural characteristics of stitch-and-knitted nonwovens ric in two different density made on automatic warp knitting machine with compound needles and with one laying bar were calculated. Breaking strength of the fabric is determined by means of tensile tester with a constant speed of specimen deformation and at the ball burst test. The tensile test showed a 100% bigger breaking force in warp related to weft direction, while the breaking elongation is 50% greater in welt direction for both of samples. Results of this measurements were showed in diagram.     

Optical Properties of Polymer-dispersed Liquid Crystals

Abstract

Electrooptical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (LCs) are analyzed from the point of view of the order created by the electric field, dynamic changes of the order (orientation) parameter, and optical transmittivity. Optical phase retardation causes an optical phase shift and is related to thermal effects. Nonlinear optical properties are investigated from the point of view of self-transparency, nonlinear gratings, threshold degenerate wave mixing, optical bistability and second harmonic generation.     

干气密封动力学研究新进展

干气密封动力学是确保干气密封稳定运行的关键。从稳定运行阶段和非稳态运行阶段两方面,综述了国内外最近十年干气密封动力学的发展现状;归纳了影响干气密封动力学行为的主要因素,包括气膜及辅助密封圈的动态特性系数、挠性元件安装方式、密封端面碰摩特性、实验测试方法等;重点介绍了在稳定运行阶段考虑轴向和角向微扰单独作用或同时作用时,密封结构参数及操作参数对气膜动态特性系数的影响规律,挠性安装环的动态追随特性,振动稳定性,密封系统非线性动力学响应规律等的研究现状;分析了启停阶段和变工况阶段的非稳态动力学特性的研究进展;指出实际气体效应、热力耦合效应和阻塞流效应对干气密封动力学行为有重要影响,是未来需要关注的研究方向。     

Traveling-wave Phenomena in a Model of Autocrine Signaling Coupled with Dynamics of the MAPK Cascade

Recently we have revealed a minimal reaction subnetwork in the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade that is responsible for the emergence of bistable and oscillatory behavior. Here we examine a possible mechanism that provides for the propagation of increased MAPK activity in cell populations by interconnecting the intracellular MAPK subnetwork with the ligand-receptor signaling machinery. Such approach allows for significant reduction of the dimensionality of the parameter space on one hand and the conservation of dynamical complexity of the system on the other hand. The coupled model predicts coexistence of one, two or three different stable steady states, or the coexistence of a stable steady state and periodic solution. We found two robust and physiologically relevant characteristics of the proposed model: (i) There is a very large region of coexistence of at least one stable steady state with non-zero MAPK activity and one steady state with zero MAPK activity in the parameter space. (ii) Spontaneous traveling front waves always switching originally inactive cells into ligand releasing cells emerge in adjacent cell populations, e. g. in healthy and injured tissues. Moreover, the formation of composite traveling front waves and spatial oscillatory patterns of MAPK activity are predicted and discussed.     

Experimental study on the external electrical thermal and dynamic power characteristics of alkaline water electrolyzer

As hydrogen production with a water electrolyzer is an effective way for renewable energy consumption, understanding the external electrical characteristics of water electrolyzer is of great significance for the modeling and simulation, system configuration, and control strategy of the system for hydrogen production by renewable energy. However, there are relatively fewer studies in this area. This paper presents the establishment of an experimental platform to conduct an experimental study on the static and dynamic voltage‐current characteristics and analyze the adjustability of the electric power of the traditional alkaline water electrolyzer, the relationship between the electrical characteristics and the electrolyte temperature, and operating point of the alkaline water electrolyzer. In addition, the mathematical fitting problem of the electrical characteristics of the alkaline water electrolyzer is discussed. The work could supply a reference to alkaline water electrolyzer intergrated application in renewable energy.